Wednesday, October 31, 2012

Millions in Northeast struggle after massive storm

NEW YORK (Reuters) - The northeastern United States battled epic flood waters and lengthy power outages on Tuesday after the massive storm Sandy pummeled the coast with a record storm surge, high winds and heavy rains that killed at least 45 people and caused billions of dollars in losses.

Millions of people in New York City and other hard-hit areas will spend days or weeks recovering from a storm already seen as far more destructive that Hurricane Irene, which slammed into the same region a year ago. One disaster modeling company said Sandy may have caused up to $15 billion in insured losses.

The storm killed 18 people in New York City, among 23 total in New York state, while six died in New Jersey. Seven other states reported fatalities.

Some 8.2 million homes and businesses in several states were without electricity as trees toppled by Sandy's fierce winds took down power lines.

Sandy hit the coast with a week to go to the November 6 presidential election and turned its fury inland with heavy snowfall, dampening an unprecedented drive to encourage early voting and raising questions whether some polling stations will be ready to open on Election Day.

New York City will struggle without its subway system, which was inundated and will remain shut for days. Much of the Wall Street district was left underwater but officials hoped to have financial markets reopen on Wednesday.

Sandy was the biggest storm to hit the country in generations when it crashed ashore with hurricane-force winds on Monday near the New Jersey gambling resort of Atlantic City, devastating the Jersey Shore tourist haven. Flood waters lifted parked cars and deposited them on an otherwise deserted highway.

With the political campaign and partisanship on hold, Democratic President Barack Obama and Republican New Jersey Governor Chris Christie planned to tour New Jersey disaster areas on Wednesday.

"It's total devastation down there. There are boats in the street five blocks from the ocean," said Peter Sandomeno, an owner of the Broadway Court Motel in Point Pleasant Beach, New Jersey.

Christie, who has been a strong supporter of Republican presidential challenger Mitt Romney, praised Obama and the federal response to the storm.

Obama and Romney put campaigning on hold for a second day but Romney planned to hit the trail again in Florida on Wednesday and Obama seemed likely to resume campaigning on Thursday for a final five-day sprint to Election Day.

Obama faces political danger if the government fails to respond well, as was the case with predecessor George W. Bush's botched handling of Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Obama has a chance to show that his administration has learned the lessons of Katrina and that he can lead during a crisis.

NEW YORK UNDER WATER

Sandy brought a record storm surge of almost 14 feet to downtown Manhattan, well above the previous record of 10 feet during Hurricane Donna in 1960, the National Weather Service said.

The storm forced New York City to postpone its traditional Halloween parade, which had been set for Wednesday night in Greenwich Village and threatened to disrupt Sunday's New York City marathon.

The lower half of Manhattan went dark when surging seawater flooded a substation and as power utility Consolidated Edison shut down others pre-emptively. Some 250,000 customers lost power.

Fire ravaged the Breezy Point neighborhood in the borough of Queens, destroying 110 homes and damaging 20 while destroying still more in the nearby neighborhood of Belle Harbor. Remarkably, no fatalities were reported.

"To describe it as looking like pictures we've seen of the end of World War Two is not overstating it," New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg said after touring the area. "The area was completely leveled. Chimneys and foundations were all that was left of many of these homes."

Hospitals closed throughout the region, forcing patients to relocate and doctors to carry premature babies down more than a dozen flights of stairs at one New York City facility.

While some parts of the city went unscathed, neighborhoods along the East and Hudson rivers bordering Manhattan were underwater and expected to be without power for days, as were low-lying streets in Battery Park near Ground Zero, where the World Trade Center stood before the September 11, 2001, attacks.

"I'm lucky to have gas; I can make hot water. But there is no heating and I'm all cold inside," said Thea Lucas, 87, who lives alone in Manhattan's Lower East Side.

DESTRUCTION THROUGHOUT REGION

Airlines canceled more than 18,000 flights, though two of the New York City area's three major airports planned to reopen with limited service on Wednesday.

Cellphone service went silent in many states and some emergency call centers were affected.

Some cities like Washington, Philadelphia and Boston were mostly spared but he storm reached as far inland as Ohio and parts of West Virginia were buried under 3 feet (1 meter) of snow, a boon for ski resorts that was one of the storm's few bright spots.

The western extreme of Sandy's wind field buffeted the Great Lakes region, according to Andrew Krein of the National Weather Service, generating wind gusts of up to 60 mph on the southern end of Lake Michigan and up to 35 mph Chicago.

In Cleveland, buildings in the city's downtown area were evacuated due to flooding, police said. Winds gusting to 50 mph brought down wires and knocked out power to homes and business. City officials asked residents to stay inside and for downtown businesses to remained closed for the day.

Amid the devastation there was opportunity. Snowmakers at Snowshoe Mountain in the mountains of West Virginia had their equipment running at full speed on Tuesday, taking advantage of the cold temperatures to build the 24-30 inch base they need to open for skiing by Thanksgiving.

"There are snowmakers out there making snow in what was a hurricane and blizzard," said Dave Dekema, marketing director for the resort, which received a foot-and-a-half of snow, with another foot or two expected.

The resort's phones, email account and Facebook pages were "going crazy," Dekema said, with avid skiers and snowboarders wondering if there was any chance of getting out on the mountain this weekend. He said that was unlikely.

(Additional reporting by Scott Malone in Boston; Ilaina Jonas, Daniel Bases, Lucas Jackson, Edward Krudy and Scott DiSavino in New York; Ian Simpson in West Virginia; Diane Bartz and Andrea Shalal-Esa in Washington; Brendan O'Brien in Milwaukee; Susan Guyett in Indianapolis; Kim Palmer in Cleveland and James B. Kelleher in Chicago. Writing by Daniel Trotta and Ros Krasny; Editing by Bill Trott)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/east-coast-reels-massive-deadly-storm-020602474.html

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Friday, October 26, 2012

Extra Innings Teams with NPF Softball for Nationwide Sports Clinics

Pro Athletes will Coach Skills Workshops at Extra Innings Facilities Nationwide

Middleton, Mass. (PRWEB) October 25, 2012 -?Baseball and softball training center franchiseExtra Innings recently announced a new collaboration with National Pro Fastpitch that will bring professional softball players to Extra Innings facilities for special sports clinics beginning this fall.

The clinics will connect aspiring athletes with softball pros for skills clinics and sports practice. The daylong events will have two sessions divided by age and skill level. The morning session, designed for younger players, will focus on early development drills while the afternoon portion, targeted at older girls, will concentrate on improving mechanics and practicing fundamental skills. Participants will also learn more about what it takes to play the sport at higher levels.

?These clinics are a great way to get more girls excited about softball and playing sports in general,? said Ashley Varano, Extra Innings? director of marketing. ?We?re also excited to promote National Pro Fastpitch and get more recognition for such a great organization.?

The featured athletes include Brittany McKinney, Sharon Palma, Hillary Bach, Victoria Galindo, Ashley Charter, and Megan Wiggins. They come from diverse athletic backgrounds including collegiate, professional, and national team play, and some, like Galindo, have Olympic medals and world championship titles under their belts. Others, like McKinney and Palma, have coaching experience.

?This is a truly unique opportunity for everyone from passionate high school players to girls who may not have a lot of experience,? Varano said. ?Girls will have a chance to learn from some of the NPF?s best players and take advantage of Extra Innings? outstanding facilities.?

Currently, there are eight events scheduled at Extra Innings franchises nationwide between October and February, with additional clinics being added regularly. The clinics will kick off at Extra Innings Midland-Odessa in Midland, TX on Oct. 27.

About Extra Innings

Established in 1996, Extra Innings provides state-of-the-art practice facilities, professional instruction and a nationally recognized Pro Shop to fulfill the needs of players of all ages and ability levels in a fun family atmosphere. Extra Innings has nearly 40 locations in 17 states in all regions of the country and projections call for close to 60 locations to be in operation by the end of 2012. For more information, visit http://www.extrainnings.us. For franchising information, visit http://www.eifranchise.com.

Contact:

Rob Nash
Extra Innings
www.eifranchise.com
978-762-0448

###

Social Reach:

Viewer Response:

Source: http://www.franchising.com/news/20121025_extra_innings_teams_with_npf_softball_for_nationwi.html

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Sunday, October 21, 2012

Thousands gather for Lebanese official's funeral

Volunteers distribute placards in Martyrs' Square before the funeral for the country's intelligence chief, Brig. Gen. Wissam al-Hassan in Beirut, Lebanon, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012. Lebanese forces set up road blocks and cordoned off Beirut's central square Sunday, boosting security in the capital ahead of a public funeral for Al-Hassan, a powerful opponent of Syria. The placards depict Al- Hassan, who was assassinated Friday in a car bomb attack, and Rafik Hariri, former Prime Minister of Lebanon, who was assassinated in 2005 in a car bombing. (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo) (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo)

Volunteers distribute placards in Martyrs' Square before the funeral for the country's intelligence chief, Brig. Gen. Wissam al-Hassan in Beirut, Lebanon, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012. Lebanese forces set up road blocks and cordoned off Beirut's central square Sunday, boosting security in the capital ahead of a public funeral for Al-Hassan, a powerful opponent of Syria. The placards depict Al- Hassan, who was assassinated Friday in a car bomb attack, and Rafik Hariri, former Prime Minister of Lebanon, who was assassinated in 2005 in a car bombing. (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo) (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo)

Two young Lebanese women, one draped in the national flag, wait in Martyrs' Square for the funeral for the country's intelligence chief, Brig. Gen. Wissam al-Hassan in Beirut, Lebanon, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012. Lebanese forces set up road blocks and cordoned off Beirut's central square Sunday, boosting security in the capital ahead of a public funeral for Al-Hassan, a powerful opponent of Syria who was assassinated Friday in a massive car bombing. (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo)

Volunteers distribute placards in Martyrs' Square before the funeral for the country's intelligence chief, Brig. Gen. Wissam al-Hassan in Beirut, Lebanon, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012. Lebanese forces set up road blocks and cordoned off Beirut's central square Sunday, boosting security in the capital ahead of a public funeral for Al-Hassan, a powerful opponent of Syria. The placards depict Al- Hassan, who was assassinated Friday in a car bomb attack, and Rafik Hariri, former Prime Minister of Lebanon, who was assassinated in 2005 in a car bombing. (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo)

A man carries one corner of the Syrian revolutionary flag as well as a Lebanese national flag, as people gather in Martyrs' Square before the funeral for the country's intelligence chief, Brig. Gen. Wissam al-Hassan in Beirut, Lebanon, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012. Lebanese forces set up road blocks and cordoned off Beirut's central square Sunday, boosting security in the capital ahead of a public funeral for Al-Hassan, a powerful opponent of Syria who was assassinated Friday in a massive car bombing. (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo)

A Lebanese protester gestures from the top of the monument at Martyrs' Square as the crowd begins to gather for the funeral of the country's intelligence chief, Brig. Gen. Wissam al-Hassan in Beirut, Lebanon, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012. Lebanese forces set up road blocks and cordoned off Beirut's central square Sunday, boosting security in the capital ahead of a public funeral for Al-Hassan, a powerful opponent of Syria who was assassinated Friday in a massive car bombing. (AP Photo/Maya Alleruzzo)

(AP) ? Thousands of Lebanese waving the national flag packed a central square in downtown Beirut Sunday for the funeral of a top intelligence official assassinated in a car bombing that many blame on the regime in neighboring Syria.

Lebanese soldiers set up road blocks and cordoned off Martyrs Square, where Brig. Gen. Wissam al-Hassan's coffin, draped in a Lebanese flag, was to be brought for burial.

Al-Hassan, 47, was a powerful opponent of Syria in Lebanon. He headed an investigation over the summer that led to the arrest of former Information Minister Michel Samaha, a Lebanese politician who was one of Syria's most loyal allies in Lebanon. He was among eight people killed in the attack on Friday.

"He was killed while he was defending his country," said Samer al-Hirri, who traveled from northern Lebanon to attend the funeral.

Ahead of the burial, there was a memorial ceremony attended by government officials and al-Hassan's wife Anna, his two sons, Majd and Mazen, and his parents.

Even before Friday's bombing, the civil war in neighboring Syria had set off violence in Lebanon and deepened tensions between supporters and opponents of President Bashar Assad's regime. The attack heightened fears that Lebanon could easily plunge back into cycles of sectarian violence and reprisal that have haunted it for decades.

France's foreign minister said it was likely that Assad's government had a hand in the assassination. Laurent Fabius told Europe-1 radio that while it was not fully clear who was behind the attack, it was "probable" that Syria played a role.

"Everything suggests that it's an extension of the Syrian tragedy," he said.

Dozens of anti-Syrian protesters erected eight tents near the Cabinet headquarters in central Beirut, saying they will stay until Prime Minister Najib Mikati's government, which is dominated by the Shiite militant group Hezbollah and its allies, resigns. Hezbollah is Syria's most powerful ally in Lebanon, which for much of the past 30 years has lived under Syrian military and political domination.

"The Syrian regime started a war against us and we will fight this battle until the end," said protester Anthony Labaki, a 24-year-old physiotherapist who is a member of the right-wing Phalange Party. He said the protesters will not leave the area until Mikati's government resigns and those behind al-Hassan's killing are uncovered.

Syria's hold on Lebanon began to slip in 2005, when former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri, an opponent of Syria, was assassinated in truck bomb along Beirut's Mediterranean waterfront. Syria denied any role. But broad public outrage in Lebanon expressed in massive street protests forced Damascus to withdraw its tens of thousands of troops from the country.

For years after the pullouts, there was a string of attacks on anti-Syrian figures in Lebanon without any trials for those responsible. Assad has managed to maintain his influence in Lebanon through Hezbollah and other allies.

Samaha, the former minister arrested in al-Hassan's investigation, remains in custody. He is accused of plotting a wave of attacks in Lebanon at Syria's behest.

Syrian Brig. Gen. Ali Mamlouk, one of Assad's most senior aides, was indicted in absentia in the August sweep that saw Samaha arrested. Samaha's arrest was an embarrassing blow to Syria, which has long acted with impunity in Lebanon.

The car bombing struck Beirut's mainly Christian Achrafieh neighborhood and also wounded dozens of people, including children.

Al-Hassan will be buried in Beirut's Martyrs Square next to the late Hariri. Security was tight as thousands of people headed to the capital from around the country to attend the funeral.

Al-Hassan's body will first be taken to police headquarters for an official procession to the square.

Policemen and soldiers cordoned off the square, searching people trying to enter and barring vehicles. Giant posters of al-Hassan were set up around Beirut ahead of the funeral, calling him a "martyr of sovereignty and independence."

On Saturday, Mikati linked the bombing to the Samaha case.

"I don't want to prejudge the investigation, but in fact we cannot separate yesterday's crime from the revelation of the explosions that could have happened," he said.

Mikati, who opponents say is too close to Syria and Hezbollah, offered to resign after the bombing. But President Michel Suleiman asked him to stay so as not to add to the instability.

Many of Lebanon's Sunni Muslims have backed Syria's mainly Sunni rebels, while Shiite Muslims have tended to back Assad. Assad, like many who dominate his regime is a member of the Alawite sect, an offshoot of Shiite Islam.

Al-Hassan was a Sunni who challenged Syria and Hezbollah.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2012-10-21-Lebanon/id-65b0d48284db4a82bad94ba66d8819a0

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How To Make The Best Commercial Real Estate Decisions | Eric ...

Purchasing commercial real estate can differ much from obtaining a home. Read on for a few suggestions and tips that could help you get a great deal.

Select your financing before you do anything else. Loan products and commercial lenders are very different than a home loan. In some ways, they are better. While it is often more difficult to get a commercial loan, it becomes more worthwhile when you consider that this route allows you to sidestep personal liability. Furthermore, financial institutions are ultimately able to approve loans in larger amounts.

Interest Rates

TIP! For a commercial property you plan to rent out, make sure it is a solid construction with a simple design. These will attract potential tenants quickly because they know that these properties are well-cared for.

Distinct among the individual risks of those who invest in commercial real estate is fluctuation in interest rates. As interest rates move up and down unpredictably, investors leave themselves open to the chance that the rates may suddenly rise dramatically. Evaluate all long-term options, and take the interest rate hikes into consideration.

Before you invest heavily in a piece of property, investigate the economics of the neighborhood such as unemployment rates, income levels and local businesses. Property that is located near a large business, a college, or a hospital has better resale value and will often sell easier.

Ask your real estate broker how they define success and failure. Their answer can help you determine whether they are the best broker for you. You need to know how they will measure results. Make sure you understand their methods and strategies. Work with a real estate broker only if you share the same beliefs and strategies.

TIP! Occupation is the key when you purchase commercial properties for rent. Empty commercial properties mean a building that you are having to maintain without any income being received.

Look around at the general environment around the building. Since the responsibility lies at your feet, if there is any environmental waste that needs to be cleaned up, you will be the one who has to do it. Are you thinking about buying property in a flood-prone area? You may need to think again. Talk to an environmental assessment agency to learn more about the area where the property is located.

Use detailed photos to create this documentation. Take pictures of the damages, for instance spots and stains, holes or even discoloration on the bathtub.

Real Estate

TIP! When you are comparing different properties, get tour site checklists. Certainly take down initial proposal responses, but don?t get into anything further without informing the property owners.

Before you present an offer for commercial property, be sure to have your funding source in place. Consult with friends and fellow investors to manifest a short list that includes the optimum lenders of your community. Research each lender, and choose one that you think can best help you prior to starting the process of buying commercial real estate. Your real estate agent should be able to provide you with a checklist of things you should do before getting a commercial loan approved.

When thinking about financing for properties of a commercial nature, it is important to go over paperwork with a reputable real estate attorney. In case a real estate transaction goes awry, you need to have competent assistance ready to help you.

If you have found the right commercial property for your needs, read the lease in its entirety prior to signing it. Larger companies can sometimes slip extra requirements into lease documents, and this can make them longer and more complicated. By carefully perusing the document, you?ll avoid potential headaches and heartaches that a commercial lease sometimes produces.

TIP! Be sure to negotiate on the fact of what you are, the seller or buyer. Be certain your needs are met, your concerns are heard, and you champion a fair, honest price for the real estate.

When you?re writing letters of intent, try to keep it brief by agreeing with the bigger issues initially and let the lesser issues be resolved at a later time. This make negotiations less contentious, as coming to agreement on minor issues is naturally easier than agreeing on the big stuff.

Real Estate

Ensure your legal and financial safety by thoroughly examining the disclosures of a potential real estate agent. Be aware of the possibility of dual agency. In this type of transaction, a real estate agency acts on behalf of both parties involved in the deal. In simpler terms, both the landlord and the tenant are simultaneously represented by the agency. If this is the case, and the agent is a dual agent, this should be known to both parties and agreed to by both parties.

TIP! Make sure you have the right access that has utilities on commercial properties. Water and sewer access will be needed in addition to electricity.

You should consult with a tax expert prior to purchasing anything. The tax adviser will explain information about the overall costs of the buildings, and can elaborate more about how taxes will affect your income. By adopting the adviser?s counsel and expanding your search, you can find an area for expansion and building that will not endanger your current tax liability.

There are a lot of ways you can spend less when repairing cleaning efforts. If you owned part of a property, that is when you are responsible for cleanup costs. The costs of waste disposal and environmental cleanup can add up quickly. Speak with an environmental assessment company about getting a report from them. Even if this is expensive, consider it as an investment.

NOI, also known as Net Operating Income, is a crucial metric to understand in the world of commercial real estate dealings. Success means that your income outweighs your operating costs.

TIP! Whether you want to rent or lease, you will have to deal with pest control. This is especially important when an area is known to have pest and rodent problems.

Develop a clear idea of the amount of available square footage. Two different metrics are used to measure business space. ?Usable square feet? measures the amount of space available for doing business, while ?total square feet? covers unusable space, including walls. If you know both of these values, things will be easier for you.

In conclusion, you must consider many different things when you are going to make a commercial real estate purchase. Have the tips in this article in your mind so that you can make sure you receive a good deal, which is exactly what is needed for housing a business.

Source: http://www.maynaseric.com/how-to-make-the-best-commercial-real-estate-decisions

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Thursday, October 18, 2012

Study finds vegetable-derived compound effective in treating triple-negative breast cancer

Study finds vegetable-derived compound effective in treating triple-negative breast cancer [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 17-Oct-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Dana Korsen
dk@ecius.net
202-296-2002
American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists

Arlington, Va. A new compound created from a rich source in vegetables including broccoli and brussel sprouts has been developed to combat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This research is being presented at the 2012 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) Annual Meeting and Exposition, the world's largest pharmaceutical sciences meeting, in Chicago, Ill., on Oct. 14 18, during Breast Cancer Awareness Month.

TNBC accounts for approximately 15-20 percent of all breast cancer cases in the U.S. It is one of the most aggressive forms of breast cancer; it grows faster, spreads to other parts of the body earlier, is harder to detect on a mammogram and recurs more often.

Mandip Sachdeva, Ph.D. and Chandraiah Godugu, P.h.D. from Florida A&M University, in collaboration with Stephen Safe, Ph.D., from Texas A&M University, have evaluated the activity of novel C-substituted diindolylmethane (C-DIM) derivatives and demonstrated that they have superior anticancer activities. Sachdeva's study reveals that these synthetic compounds derived from diindolylmethane (DIM), commonly found in various types of cruciferous vegetables, can be used to treat several types of cancer, including triple-negative breast cancer. C-DIMs are also being investigated for their cancer prevention activity.

"Targeted treatment options for TNBC are limited; current treatments, such as infusions, result in poor patient compliance and increased toxicity," said Sachdeva. "We are confident that the compounds we are currently working with are an effective treatment for triple-negative breast cancer. These compounds are safer for the patient than current treatments available."

In contrast to existing anticancer drugs, the diindolylmethane compounds are orally active, so they could be available to patients in pill form and safe to take daily. When taken in combination with existing anticancer drugs, the diindolylmethane compounds can effectively decrease the number of treatments a patient receives.

###

The 2012 AAPS Annual Meeting and Exposition aims to improve global health through advances in pharmaceutical sciences. The meeting features more than 90 programming sessions, including more than 50 symposia and roundtables.

AAPS is pleased to announce that our smartphone application is available at the 2012 AAPS Annual Meeting and Exposition. This application can assist meeting attendees with anything and everything they need to navigate the conference at their fingertips.

This work was supported by DOD grant number W81XWH-11-1-0211 and NIMHD P20 grant, 1P20MD006738-01.

Editor's Note: All press must provide press credentials to attend this meeting. The deadline for online media registration is Oct. 5. After that date, media must register on-site. For media registration, please contact Kimberly Brown at BrownK@aaps.org or (703) 248-4772. To schedule an interview with Mandip Sachdeva or for any other press inquiry, please contact Hillarie Turner or Dana Korsen at aaps@ecius.net or 202-296-2002.

About AAPS:

The American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists is a professional, scientific society of approximately 11,000 members employed in academia, industry, government and other research institutes worldwide. Founded in 1986, AAPS provides a dynamic international forum for the exchange of knowledge among scientists to serve the public and enhance their contributions to health. AAPS offers timely scientific programs, on-going education, information resources, opportunities for networking, and professional development. For more information, please visit www.aaps.org. Follow us on Twitter @AAPSComms; official Twitter hashtag for the meeting is: #AAPS2012.



[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Study finds vegetable-derived compound effective in treating triple-negative breast cancer [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 17-Oct-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Dana Korsen
dk@ecius.net
202-296-2002
American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists

Arlington, Va. A new compound created from a rich source in vegetables including broccoli and brussel sprouts has been developed to combat triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This research is being presented at the 2012 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) Annual Meeting and Exposition, the world's largest pharmaceutical sciences meeting, in Chicago, Ill., on Oct. 14 18, during Breast Cancer Awareness Month.

TNBC accounts for approximately 15-20 percent of all breast cancer cases in the U.S. It is one of the most aggressive forms of breast cancer; it grows faster, spreads to other parts of the body earlier, is harder to detect on a mammogram and recurs more often.

Mandip Sachdeva, Ph.D. and Chandraiah Godugu, P.h.D. from Florida A&M University, in collaboration with Stephen Safe, Ph.D., from Texas A&M University, have evaluated the activity of novel C-substituted diindolylmethane (C-DIM) derivatives and demonstrated that they have superior anticancer activities. Sachdeva's study reveals that these synthetic compounds derived from diindolylmethane (DIM), commonly found in various types of cruciferous vegetables, can be used to treat several types of cancer, including triple-negative breast cancer. C-DIMs are also being investigated for their cancer prevention activity.

"Targeted treatment options for TNBC are limited; current treatments, such as infusions, result in poor patient compliance and increased toxicity," said Sachdeva. "We are confident that the compounds we are currently working with are an effective treatment for triple-negative breast cancer. These compounds are safer for the patient than current treatments available."

In contrast to existing anticancer drugs, the diindolylmethane compounds are orally active, so they could be available to patients in pill form and safe to take daily. When taken in combination with existing anticancer drugs, the diindolylmethane compounds can effectively decrease the number of treatments a patient receives.

###

The 2012 AAPS Annual Meeting and Exposition aims to improve global health through advances in pharmaceutical sciences. The meeting features more than 90 programming sessions, including more than 50 symposia and roundtables.

AAPS is pleased to announce that our smartphone application is available at the 2012 AAPS Annual Meeting and Exposition. This application can assist meeting attendees with anything and everything they need to navigate the conference at their fingertips.

This work was supported by DOD grant number W81XWH-11-1-0211 and NIMHD P20 grant, 1P20MD006738-01.

Editor's Note: All press must provide press credentials to attend this meeting. The deadline for online media registration is Oct. 5. After that date, media must register on-site. For media registration, please contact Kimberly Brown at BrownK@aaps.org or (703) 248-4772. To schedule an interview with Mandip Sachdeva or for any other press inquiry, please contact Hillarie Turner or Dana Korsen at aaps@ecius.net or 202-296-2002.

About AAPS:

The American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists is a professional, scientific society of approximately 11,000 members employed in academia, industry, government and other research institutes worldwide. Founded in 1986, AAPS provides a dynamic international forum for the exchange of knowledge among scientists to serve the public and enhance their contributions to health. AAPS offers timely scientific programs, on-going education, information resources, opportunities for networking, and professional development. For more information, please visit www.aaps.org. Follow us on Twitter @AAPSComms; official Twitter hashtag for the meeting is: #AAPS2012.



[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-10/aaop-sfv101112.php

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Wednesday, October 17, 2012

Can the auto bailout save Obama in Ohio?

A sign outside United Auto Workers Local 1714 in Lordstown (Liz Goodwin/Yahoo!)

LORDSTOWN, Ohio?In March 2009, Dave Green, president of United Auto Workers' Local 1714, felt a creeping panic. Men holding clipboards and taking notes walked around the Lordstown General Motors plant where his members worked, and from outside came the constant hum of inventory-taking helicopters. Rumors flew that the GM plant, which employed thousands of workers, was going to be sold off or liquidated, another casualty of the recession.

"We knew the money was running out," Green, a Barack Obama supporter, said. "We didn't know what was going to happen."

Within the next two months, the Obama administration bailed out GM as well as Chrysler, aided by billions of dollars in taxpayer-funded loans. In exchange, the companies declared bankruptcy and reorganized. While the federal government is expected to lose about $19 billion of the $80 billion it handed to industry?an industry smaller than it was before the recession hit?it's no longer at death's door.

(The unofficial slogan at the Democratic National Convention in Charlotte last month: "Bin Laden is dead and GM is alive.")

Even better for locals: In August, GM announced it would invest an extra $200 million in the Lordstown plant so that its 4,500 workers could continue to build the popular Chevy Cruze, an unexpected best-seller, in three shifts each day.

It makes sense, then, that union leaders in Lordstown are out in force to get the president re-elected, and that Obama and his campaign continually tout the president as a savior of Ohio's auto industry and, by extension, its economy. But it remains to be seen whether Ohioans are buying what the campaign's selling.

In this hotly contested state, where residents almost always pick the next president, Obama is contending with a shrinking union rank and file not always in lockstep with the union party line. And while independent analysts say the car industry would have failed without the bailout, some voters in Ohio, where one in eight jobs is related to the auto industry, aren't convinced.

Romney is fast gaining ground in the state?last week he drew large, enthusiastic crowds when campaigning?and Obama has seen his lead narrow to 2 percentage points in an?average of seven polls taken after his lackluster first debate performance.

Perhaps even more problematic for the president's bailout pitch is that unions are a declining force in Ohio politics. Union households make up 15 percent of the electorate, down from about 22 percent 20 years ago, according to University of Cincinnati political science professor Al Tuchfarber. They still, however, wield power. Last November, Ohio resoundingly recalled a bill supported by Republican Gov. John Kasich that stripped public unions' collective bargaining rights.

[Political junkie? Sign up for the Yahoo! News Daily Ticket newsletter today]

When campaigning in Ohio last week, Romney spoke about the economy and argued that Obama hasn't created enough jobs, especially in the manufacturing sector. But two words that did not cross his lips? "Auto bailout."

The GOP challenger and his surrogates generally steer clear of the topic when in Ohio, and for good reason: In 2008, Romney wrote an op-ed in The New York Times arguing that car companies would collapse if taxpayer money helped fund a bailout, and that GM and Chrysler could restructure themselves after going through a privately financed bankruptcy. The Obama campaign has continually flung the op-ed, "Let Detroit Go Bankrupt," in the campaign's face, arguing that Romney's plan would have left Ohio in the cold.

Romney didn't visit Lordstown on his five-day Ohio swing last week, but New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie, a top Romney supporter, stopped by to attend a small rally on Tuesday. The town of 4,000, which GM has labeled "Cruze Country," is heavily Democratic, and attendees at the Christie rally joked about being outnumbered in the area. But two neighboring counties, which also benefit economically from the plant and are home to some plant workers, are expected to vote for Romney.

Christie didn't mention the auto plant in his brief address.

Both Local 1714's Green and Glenn Johnson, the president of another UAW local in Lordstown also supporting Obama, said it made no sense for Christie to speak there without mentioning the town's economic engine. "It was a crossroads, literally a crossroads," Johnson said of the town before the plant.

But Christie had his loyalists. Jim Kane, a 63-year-old former auto worker forced into early retirement in 2009, stood close to the stage, eager to hear the governor speak. Kane, a Republican, is among a group of about 20,000 retired workers at Delphi, a parts supplier once owned by GM, whose pensions were cut by 30 percent or more by the government during the bailout. (In bankruptcy negotiations, Delphi relinquished its pension obligations to the government, which then cut the amount it would pay by 30 to 70 percent.)

GM agreed to make up the difference in the pensions of Delphi workers who were members of the UAW union, while salaried workers like Kane, who for the most part weren't allowed to join the hourly-wage worker union, were left with slashed pensions and health insurance. The uneven treatment prompted criticisms of union favoritism.

A veteran with diabetes, Kane was able to get insurance through Veterans Affairs when GM cut his health-care coverage, but his wife, who has rheumatoid arthritis, and his autistic son are still uninsured.

"We're living so close to the edge right now," Kane said. "I agree with Romney, I believe that places like GM would have taken care of themselves under bankruptcy. GM would have made it through."

(Lordstown's Republican mayor, Arlo Hill, also told Yahoo News he thinks the plant would have survived without the bailout.)

Christie was introduced by UAW member Mark Bedenik, who traveled to Lordstown from Cleveland, where he works at parts supplier Alcoa Cleveland Works. Bedenik wore a bright-yellow UAW shirt altered to read Romney-Ryan. After the event, he clutched his laminated introduction speech as two other UAW workers thanked Bedenik for speaking.

Bedenik, like many other union members, has been canvassing for his candidate. He says he's seeing past and present union members who are newly minted Republicans, and who don't believe the bailout saved the auto industry or jobs in general. "I've gone door to door," he said. "You will see their vote."

Green said he feels most active and retired union members will vote for Obama and that Bedenik is the exception. Green, along with other supporters, is also knocking on doors and making calls, reminding Ohioans that they or someone they know might be out of a job if not for Obama. Supporters credit Ohio's lower-than-average unemployment rate (7.2 percent in August compared to 8.1 percent nationally) to Obama's policies, especially the bailout.

"They feel like they owe this government something and this president something because he was taking a lot of shots for supporting us," Green said of his local's approximately 5,000 members.

About a mile away from the Lordstown park where Christie spoke, volunteers in a wood-paneled conference room in the Local 1714 union hall take shifts calling the union's 3,500 retired and 1,500 active members to ask them to support Obama. Last week union member Kelvin Harlemon worked the phone. He said he had talked to a few members who supported Obama in 2008 but now leaned toward Romney.

"Good morning! This is Kelvin Harlemon over here at 1714," he boomed into the phone. "We're just calling out to our union brothers and sisters. ... Are you intending to vote this year in our presidential election?" Harlemon stared blankly ahead for nearly a minute before saying, "He hung up." He laughed. "What a job."

Nine of the 16 people who answered the phone over a 20-minute period told Harlemon they planned to vote for Obama. Six people hung up on him. One person yelled into the phone, "Yeah I'm going to vote, but I don't like either one of them," and then hung up.

Earlier in the morning, a retired union member told Harlemon that he was an Obama supporter but thought he'd vote for Romney. "Now [Obama's] talking about Big Bird," the man told Harlemon. "I don't want to hear about Big Bird. I'm voting for Mitt." Harlemon reminded the man that Obama had supported labor in the past, and that Romney was against the bailout. The man said he would take this into consideration.

Green (who does an uncanny Bill Clinton impression) said he tells union members they don't have to love Obama to vote for him.

"I love Bill, wish he could run," Green said of the former president. "But you don't have to love Obama, you know. I mean he's not the magic god. ... He's just a guy. But he at least believes in labor. So if you work in labor you ought to slap yourself in the head if you think the other guy will do you better."

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/ticket/auto-bailout-save-obama-ohio-175418009--election.html

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How to Install an Automotive Lift

DEGREE OF DIFFICULTY: 9/10

Auto lifts make every project easier?no more jacks and jackstands, bending over, or squeezing under a car for service. So why doesn't everyone have one? What used to be expensive, impossible to fit in most garages, hard to install, and dangerous to work with is now within reach of the advanced do-it-yourselfer. Global competition has driven down the cost of a very serious, good-quality, entry-level lift to under $1500?totally affordable. Innovative manufacturers have also developed a variety of lifts to match every garage and skill level. We're going to show you how to stop crawling around under the car and start working on your feet.

There are several types of lifts to choose from. For the new POPULAR MECHANICS garage in Ferndale, Mich., we installed a 9000-pound two-post 12-inch symmetrical lift with a 220-volt hydraulic pump (we never know what vehicles are going to roll in). A two-poster is one of the most versatile kinds of lifts and the one most people choose.

The first order of business is receiving and unboxing. Lifts aren't exactly feather-light, and they are shipped in big wooden crates?so make sure the shipper sends a truck-mounted crane or forklift to do the unloading. Also, have four furniture dollies (trust me, it'll be worth it) to drop it onto and roll the crate into the garage. Then tear open the box and sit down to read the instructions. No, really, actually read them.

The individual installation steps aren't hard (well, most of them), but pay careful attention to detail. We are talking about a potentially dangerous machine, so take your time.

Source: http://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/how-to/products/how-to-install-an-automotive-lift?src=rss

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BREAKING: Randy Dunn, one of two candidates for president of Missouri State, has...

Sorry, Readability was unable to parse this page for content.

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Picasso, Matisse, Monets stolen from Dutch museum

AMSTERDAM (AP) ? Seven paintings by artists including Pablo Picasso and Claude Monet were stolen from a museum in Rotterdam in an early-hours heist, Dutch police said Tuesday.

The theft at the Kunsthal museum is one of the largest in years in the Netherlands, and is a stunning blow for the private Triton Foundation collection, which was being exhibited publicly as a group for the first time.

The collection was on display as part of celebrations surrounding Kunsthal's 20th anniversary.

Police spokeswoman Willemieke Romijn said investigators were reviewing videotapes of the theft, which took place around 3 a.m. local time, and calling for any witnesses to come forward. Police have yet to reveal how the heist took place.

The stolen works were Picasso's 1971 "Harlequin Head"; Monet's 1901 "Waterloo Bridge, London" and "Charing Cross Bridge, London"; Henri Matisse's 1919 "Reading Girl in White and Yellow"; Paul Gauguin's 1898 "Girl in Front of Open Window"; Meyer de Haan's "Self-Portrait," around 1890, and Lucian Freud's 2002 work "Woman with Eyes Closed."

Mariette Maaskant of the Kunsthal museum said the paintings taken were of "considerable value." Independent experts said the works were clearly worth millions of dollars but would be impossible to sell on the open market.

The museum's director Emily Ansenk had been in Istanbul, Turkey, on business but was returning Tuesday.

The Triton Foundation is a collection of avant-garde art put together by multimillionaire Willem Cordia, an investor and businessman, and his wife, Marijke Cordia-Van der Laan.

The Kunsthal museum is a display space that has no permanent collection of its own ? the name means "art gallery" in Dutch.

The Cordia family collection includes works by more than 150 famed artists. Others whose work was on show include Paul Cezanne, Marc Chagall, Salvador Dali, Edgar Degas and Andy Warhol.

Curators of the Cordia family collection aim to have the works on display for the public, and pieces have been shown in the past.

The museum is closed Tuesday due to the police investigation.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/picasso-matisse-monets-stolen-dutch-museum-115009795.html

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Move Over, LG: Sony?s New ?Nexus X? Smartphone Reportedly Caught On Film

nexusx2At this point LG?s rumored Nexus phone is pretty much a lock, but a newly-leaked pair of images may indicate that the so-called Nexus 4 won?t be in the Google Play Store alone. XperiaBlog happened upon photos of a Sony-made ?Nexus X? smartphone on Picasa (where more than a few devices are outed ahead of schedule), which jibe well with an earlier report claiming Google was working on Nexus hardware with a handful of manufacturing partners.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/wZpikCo9D1U/

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Tuesday, October 16, 2012

Images from the banned Apple/Foxconn game

A controversial game was live in the Apple app store for less than an hour this weekend before being taken down by Apple. The visually-striking game imagines the afterlife of seven Foxconn workers who committed suicide. We happened to buy the game in the short window it was available, so included screen grabs below.

This blog is not intended as a statement about Apple, Foxconn, or the creator of the game. As digital marketers, part of our role is to keep abreast of what's trending in consumer and tech conversations. This blog is intended to share with you information about, and screengrabs from, a game that is in the limelight.

In the game titled "In a Permanent Save State," players take each of seven characters on a short journey through an artistically-drawn, ghostly area. Each level begins with a short story about the person, including information like how many hours of overtime they worked (e.g. "3x the legal limit") and aspects of Buddhist afterlife tradition. The art in the game is haunting and often beautiful. In one level, the player begins by taking the character down a path, which turns out to be actually be a giant arm holding an iPhone.

Game creator Benjamin Poynter said in an email to the online publication "The Verge" that his motivation was empathy, not anger. "I related quite a bit to the situation of these young people and the stress that comes with not seeing the end of things...I guessed in my mind what they would have wanted to see in their eternal setting, as I had visions of it myself."

"In a Permanent Save State" isn't the first iPhone-production-related app to be taken down by Apple. Paolo Pedercini's "Phone Story," is a parody game that took players through levels about ethical concerns connected to the production of the iPhone including mining of rare earth minerals and abandoned components. The game was removed from the store for being "objectionable."

The following are screengrabs from the game "In a Permanent Save State." (Click each image for more detail.)

Source: http://blogs.imediaconnection.com/blog/2012/10/14/images-from-the-banned-applefoxconn-game/

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Nintendo Drops Price of Wii, New Bundle Includes ?Wii Sports Resort?

Nintendo Wii Price Drop 2012

Many gamers are eagerly anticipating the release of Nintendo?s Wii U as we slowly approach the new console?s release date, but some may have overlooked the sales potential that the Wii will still have this Holiday season. As gamers brace themselves, and their wallets, for the tablet-based controls of the Wii U, it was expected that the Big N would price their soon-to-be obsolete hardware accordingly. Today the company confirmed that it would be doing just that, announcing plans to release a new Wii bundle priced at $129.99.

Nintendo plans on shipping this new package beginning immediately, and promises that it?ll be on store shelves in the United States by October 28th. This ?high-value configuration,? as the press release so aptly calls it, will be replacing the current SKU that features New Super Mario Bros. Wii ? which was previously available for $149.99. The new bundle will include a black Wii console, a Wii Remote Plus, a Nunchuk, and a single disc that contains both Wii Sports and its sequel Wii Sports Resort.

Anyone who?s yet to purchase a Wii may find this deal appealing, but for the most part everyone who wanted a Wii has probably already picked one up at this point. Regardless, it?s even more affordable?for consumers situated at a variety of different income levels, and some children will probably be pleased as punch this Holiday season with the console.

One point that?s interesting to consider is that this new price drop for the Wii may cannibalize sales of the upcoming Wii U, which is a plausible possibility given how affordable the older console has now become. That being said, casual gamers that will be purchasing a Wii U this Holiday season are likely aware of what the Wii is at this point, and if parents already plan on picking up the older console then this price drop is just a nice bonus.

Accidentally buying the wrong system will be incredibly difficult too, with various in-store ads that each major retailer already has placed throughout their stores. The?lack of separate GamePads at launch?should also help limit the number of consumers that think the Wii U is simply an add-on for the Wii, so Nintendo shouldn?t have too much to worry about on that front.

-

Follow me on Twitter @TheRileyLittle.

Source: http://gamerant.com/wii-price-drop/

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Thursday, October 4, 2012

Pet Walk Sponsored by the Humane Society

by Lisa on October 3, 2012

Since the Humane Society is having their annual Pet Walk this weekend I thought this would be a good time to repost this article. ?This was written about the 2010 Pet Walk and I?m guessing this year?s event will be quite similar.

The following post was written by?Oahu Mom?reader Karla Merry, dog owner, beloved ?auntie? to my kids and also my favorite realtor. ?Yes, I know her in real life and she?s almost as cool as her dog.

The paws hit the pavement at the Humane Society?s 20th Annual Pet Walk at Ala Moana Beach Park this week-end.? We took our pooch and were joined by several of his doggy friends.? The festivities opened at 7:00 a.m. with live music, vendor booths, and a wide array of pets meandering around at?Magic Island.? By 8:00 they kicked off the walk complete with a balloon encrusted starting gate, cheerleaders from Hawaii Pacific University and Girl Scout Helpers.? Our dogs decided that the Girl Scouts were the best as they had their hands free to provide an encouraging pat.

One could choose between the short 1/2 mile walk around Magic Island or a longer two to three mile loop around Ala Moana Beach Park.? There were teen volunteers along the routes to provide poop patrol baggies and supervise water stations for the dogs.? Several dogs decided that a dip in the water station was a good idea, thus we were glad that we had taken our own water for our dog.

The festivities?continued at the mainstage with costume contests and other?prize giveaways,?but after socializing, sniffing, and strolling, the dogs were tired and so we headed for home.

Do it yourself on Oahu

? Check out the Humane Society website for details on upcoming pet events at?www.hawaiianhumane.org.? Most events?just ask for?a?donation at your discretion.
? The pet walk is an annual event at Ala Moana Beach Park with registration and the main stage at Magic Island.? It is usually held in October and is fun for anyone who likes pets, mostly dogs.? There were some bunnies,?cats, and even birds?being pushed around in strollers, but the pooches ruled the day.

? The Humane?Society provides great volunteer opportunities for teens who like pets.

Source: http://www.oahumom.com/2012/10/pet_walk_ala_moana_park/

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Report: Teen drinking and driving declining - FOX19.com-Cincinnati ...

  • Tax credits to help Habitat for Humanity build 38 homes in Cincinnati

    Tax credits to help Habitat for Humanity build 38 homes in Cincinnati

    Wednesday, October 3 2012 1:56 PM EDT2012-10-03 17:56:09 GMT

    Cincinnati Habitat for Humanity and 10 other Habitat affiliates will share $22 million of New Markets Tax Credits (NMTC) funding to help build 239 homes nationally. Financing includes more than $6.5Full Story >Cincinnati Habitat for Humanity and 10 other Habitat affiliates will share $22 million of New Markets Tax Credits (NMTC) funding to help build 239 homes nationally. Full Story >
  • Suspect taken into custody after traffic pursuit

    Suspect taken into custody after traffic pursuit

    Wednesday, October 3 2012 1:32 PM EDT2012-10-03 17:32:13 GMT

    A suspect has been taken into custody after a traffic pursuit in Lincoln Heights. The suspect bailed from the car in the 900 block of Chicago Avenue and was taken into custody. It's unclear right nowFull Story >A suspect has been taken into custody after a traffic pursuit in Lincoln Heights.Full Story >
  • Reds playing final game of regular season, playoff opponent still unknown

    Reds playing final game of regular season, playoff opponent still unknown

    Wednesday, October 3 2012 1:28 PM EDT2012-10-03 17:28:18 GMT

    The Cincinnati Reds are playing their final regular season game on Wednesday against the Cardinals, but their NLDS opponent is still unknown. Here are the possible scenarios: If the Reds beat the CardinalsFull Story >The Cincinnati Reds are playing their final regular season game on Wednesday against the Cardinals, but their NLDS opponent is still unknown.Full Story >

(CNN) - A new report says there are fewer teens drinking and driving than there were 20 years ago.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released the findings Tuesday.

It said 10 percent of high schools students 16 and older admitted to drinking and driving last year.

In 1991, that number was 22 percent.

The report attributes the decline partly to all U.S. states raising the minimum drinking age to 21 and zero tolerance laws for teens caught drinking and driving.

Copyright 2012 CNN. All rights reserved.

Source: http://www.fox19.com/story/19724347/report-teen-drinking-and-driving-declining

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Mathematics of leaf decay

ScienceDaily (Oct. 3, 2012) ? The colorful leaves piling up in your backyard this fall can be thought of as natural stores of carbon. In the springtime, leaves soak up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, converting the gas into organic carbon compounds. Come autumn, trees shed their leaves, leaving them to decompose in the soil as they are eaten by microbes. Over time, decaying leaves release carbon back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.

In fact, the natural decay of organic carbon contributes more than 90 percent of the yearly carbon dioxide released into Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Understanding the rate at which leaves decay can help scientists predict this global flux of carbon dioxide, and develop better models for climate change. But this is a thorny problem: A single leaf may undergo different rates of decay depending on a number of variables: local climate, soil, microbes and a leaf's composition. Differentiating the decay rates among various species, let alone forests, is a monumental task.

Instead, MIT researchers have analyzed data from a variety of forests and ecosystems across North America, and discovered general trends in decay rates among all leaves. The scientists devised a mathematical procedure to transform observations of decay into distributions of rates. They found that the shape of the resulting curve is independent of climate, location and leaf composition. However, the details of that shape -- the range of rates that it spans, and the mean rate -- vary with climatic conditions and plant composition. In general, the scientists found that plant composition determines the range of rates, and that as temperatures increase, all plant matter decays faster.

"There is a debate in the literature: If the climate warms, do all rates become faster by the same factor, or will some become much faster while some are not affected?" says Daniel Rothman, a co-founder of MIT's Lorenz Center, and professor of geophysics in the Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences. "The conclusion is that all rates scale uniformly as the temperature increases."

Rothman and co-author David Forney, a PhD graduate in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, have published the results of their study, based largely on Forney's PhD thesis, in the Journal of the Royal Society Interface.

Litter delivery

The team obtained data from an independent 10-year analysis of North American forests called the Long-term Intersite Decomposition Experiment Team (LIDET) study. For this study, researchers collected leaf litter -- including grass, roots, leaves and needles -- from 27 locations throughout North and Central America, ranging from Alaskan tundra to Panamanian rainforests.

The LIDET researchers separated and weighed each litter type, and identified litter composition and nutrient content. They then stored the samples in porous bags and buried the bags, each filled with a different litter type, in each of the 27 geographic locations; the samples were then dug up annually and reweighed. The data collected represented the mass of litter, of different composition, remaining over time in different environments.

Forney and Rothman accessed the LIDET study's publicly available data online, and analyzed each dataset: the litter originating at one location, subsequently divided and distributed at 27 different locations, and weighed over 10 years.

The team developed a mathematical model to convert each dataset's hundreds of mass measurements into rates of decay -- a "numerically delicate" task, Rothman says. They then plotted the converted data points on a graph, yielding a surprising result: The distribution of decay rates for each dataset looked roughly the same, forming a bell curve when plotted as a function of the order of magnitude of the rates -- a surprisingly tidy pattern, given the complexity of parameters affecting decay rates.

"Not only are there different environments like grasslands and tundra and rainforest, there are different environments at the microscale too," Forney says. "Each plant is made up of different tissues ? and these all have different degradation pathways. So there's heterogeneity at many different scales ? and we're trying to figure out if there's some sort of commonality."

Common curves

Going a step further, Forney and Rothman looked for parameters that affect leaf decay rates. While each dataset resembled a bell curve, there were slight variations among them. For example, some curves had higher peaks, while others were flatter; some curves shifted to the left of a graph, while others lay more to the right. The team looked for explanations for these slight variations, and discovered the two parameters that most affected the details of a dataset's curve: climate and leaf composition.

In general, the researchers observed, warmer climates tended to speed the decay of all plants, whereas colder climates slowed plant decay uniformly. The implication is that as temperatures increase, all plant matter, regardless of composition, will decay more quickly, with the same relative speedup in rate.

The team also found that plant matter such as needles that contain more lignin -- a sturdy building block -- have a smaller range or decay rates than leafier plants that contain less lignin and more nutrients that attract microbes. "This is an interesting ecological finding," Forney says. "Lignin tends to shield organic compounds, which may otherwise degrade at a faster rate."

Rothman adds that in the future, the team may use the model to predict the turnover times of various ecosystems -- a finding that may improve climate change models, and help scientists understand the flux of carbon dioxide around the globe.

"It's a really messy problem," Rothman says. "It's as messy as the pile of leaves in your backyard. You would think that each pile of leaves is different, depending on which tree it's from, where the pile is in your backyard and what the climate is like. What we're showing is that there's a mathematical sense in which all of these piles of leaves behave in the same way."

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Massachusetts Institute of Technology, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS. The original article was written by Jennifer Chu.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. David C. Forney and Daniel H. Rothman. Common structure in the heterogeneity of plant-matter decay. J. R. Soc. Interface, September 7, 2012 9 74 2255-2267 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0122 1742-5662

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/dlLanAiPG9k/121003163734.htm

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Republican brand: Still ?dog food? (Washington Post)

Share With Friends: Share on FacebookTweet ThisPost to Google-BuzzSend on GmailPost to Linked-InSubscribe to This Feed | Rss To Twitter | Politics - Top Stories Stories, RSS Feeds and Widgets via Feedzilla.

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